European Council

The European Council is one of the most important political bodies in the European Union. It sets the overall direction and priorities of the EU but does not pass laws.

The European Council is made up of:

• The Heads of State or Government of each EU member country (e.g., Prime Ministers or Presidents),
• The President of the European Council, who chairs the meetings,
• The President of the European Commission,
• The High Representative for Foreign Affairs may also attend when foreign policy is discussed.

These leaders come together to make key decisions about the future of the EU.

1. Sets the Political Agenda
   It defines the EU’s strategic direction, focusing on big-picture issues like climate change, migration, security, economic growth, and foreign policy.
2. Crisis Management
   During major challenges—like the COVID-19 pandemic, Brexit, or war in Ukraine—it plays a central role in coordinating the EU’s response.
3. Appoints Top Roles
   It nominates key figures such as:
   • The President of the European Commission
   • The High Representative for Foreign Affairs
   • The President of the European Central Bank
4. Foreign and Security Policy
   It takes key decisions about the EU’s role in the world and relations with other countries.

The European Council generally works by consensus, meaning all leaders must agree. For certain appointments or decisions, they may vote by qualified majority.

The European Council meets in Brussels, Belgium, usually four times a year, in what are known as EU Summits. Special meetings can be called in emergencies.

Though their names are similar:

• The European Council includes national leaders and focuses on big strategy.
• The Council of the EU includes ministers and works on passing laws with the European Parliament.

In summary, the European Council is the EU’s top political body, where national leaders come together to shape the EU’s future and respond to major events. It’s where Europe’s big decisions are born.